《植物生理学报》 2013, 49(12): 1375-1384

外源钙盐对两种基因型烤烟光合作用的调控效应

云菲, 刘国顺*, 杨永峰, 王辉, 张军, 郭超超

河南农业大学烟草学院, 国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地, 郑州450002

通信作者：刘国顺；E-mail: liugsh1851@163.com；Tel: 0371-63558121

摘　要：

采用土培盆栽实验, 以烤烟品种‘中烟100’和‘豫烟10’为供试材料, 研究了烟叶发育过程中3种类型钙盐对两种基因型烤烟光合生理指标、叶绿素荧光参数、水分利用效率及干物质积累的影响。结果表明: ‘中烟100’的光补偿点(LCP)较低、光饱和点(LSP)较高, 对不同光环境的适应性较强, 光合潜力较大。外源钙盐增加了两种基因型烤烟的LSP, 加速了烟株生长。两种烤烟的表观量子效率(AQY)均以Ca(NO₃)₂处理最高, 外源钙盐有助于烟株群体及个体光合能力的提高, 钙盐处理的净光合速率(Pn)和最大净光合速率(A_max)高于对照。喷施钙盐后烟株的光化学淬灭系数(q_P)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII实际光化学效率(Ф_PSII)和电子传递速率(ETR)升高, 初始荧光(Fo)及非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)降低, 表明外源钙盐不仅能够提高烟株的光化学反应效率, 还能减轻光抑制。两种基因型烤烟的水分利用效率(WUE)在移栽75 d前均以Ca(Ac)₂处理最高。外源钙盐提高了两种基因型烤烟的光能利用效率及光合生产能力, 进而促使烟株的光合碳同化产物积累量增加。

关键词：钙盐; 烤烟;光合特性

收稿：2013-06-13   修定：2013-10-16

资助：国家烟草专卖局特色烟重大专项(110201101001)

Regulating Effects of Exogenous Calcium Salts on the Photosynthesis between Two Genotypes Flue-Cured Tobacco

YUN Fei, LIU Guo-Shun*, YANG Yong-Feng, WANG Hui, ZHANG Jun, GUO Chao-Chao

College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Corresponding author: LIU Guo-Shun; E-mail: liugsh1851@163.com; Tel: 0371-63558121

Abstract:

The regulating effects of the exogenous calcium salts on the photosynthetic characteristics of fluecured tobacco have been investigated with two genotypes in this paper. With ‘ZY100’ and ‘YU10’ as experimental materials, this soil-culture pot experiment was carried out during the development process of two cultivars in order to study the effects of three types of calcium salts on the photosynthetic physiological indexes, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, water use efficiency and the accumulation of dry matter. Compared to ‘YU10’, the light saturation point (LSP) of ‘ZY100’ was higher, but the light compensation point (LCP) was lower. The adaptability and photosynthetic potential of ‘ZY100’ under different light environment was higher. The exogenous calcium salts enhanced light saturation points (LSP) of two varieties and result in the growth of two genotypes flue-cured tobacco. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) of two varieties reached the maximum at Ca(NO₃)₂ treatment and its absorption efficiency under low light intensity was highest. The values of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the maximum net photosynthetic rate (A_max) between the treatments of calcium salts were higher than those in the control. With the application of calcium salts, the photochemical quenching coefficient (q_P), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (Ф_PSII) and electron transmit rate (ETR) increased, however, the original fluorescence (Fo) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) decreased. The water use efficiency (WUE) of flue-cured tobacco reached the highest in two genotypes at Ca(Ac)₂ treatment before 75 d after transplant. Generally, the photosynthetic capability and efficiency of two cultivars could be effectively improved by appropriate application of calcium salts so that the dry matter accumulation of tobacco could be promoted.

Key words: calcium salts; flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum); photosynthesis characteristics